Air-cylinder.



W. L. ABATE,

AIR CYLINDER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20, 1909.

949,872.. Patented Feb.22, 1910.

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AIR. GYLIN DER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20. 1909.

Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

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W. L. ABATE.

AIR CYLINDER.

7 APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20, 1909.

Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

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AIR CYLINDER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20, 1909.

949,872. Patented Feb.22, 1910.

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Patented Feb. 22,- 1910.

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WALTER I1- ABATE, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

AIR-CYLINDER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER L. ABATE, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Mount Vernon, county of VVestchester, and State of NewYork, have invented a certain new and useful improvement in devices foroperating automatic chucks and other similar accessories ofmachine-tools by compressed air, generally known in the art asair-cylinders, the following being a full, clear, and exactspecification of my improved device, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is an elevation, partlysectional view, of the oscillating valve; Fig. 2 a similar view of thevalve turned 90 from the position shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a left endview of the valve, in the position correspond ing to that shown in Fig.l, the set of exhaust ducts being indicated in dotted lines; Fig. 4: isa cross-sectional View of the valve on line H, indicated in Fig. 2looking to the left; Fig. 5 is an elevation of the air cylinder casing;the piston and the interior arrangement of the casing being indicated indotted lines; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the aircylinder casing on lines 66 indicated in Fig. 5, and showing also theposition at the start of its outward stroke; Fig. 7 is an end view (ofthe valve end) of the air cylinder in the same position as Fig. 5completely assembled, but the shaft and handle for turning the valvebeing removed; in this figure the mechanism for antomatically returningthe valve to its normal position is shown partly in a sectional View,Fig. 8 a cross-sectional view thereof on lines 88 indicated in Fig. 6,looking to the left; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the head of a lathe withmy improved air cylinder connected clirectly to the draw-rod of thechuck; Fig. 10 is a plan view showing my improved air cylinder mountedon a lathe and connected to the lever for operating the draw-rod of anautomatic chuck; and Fig. 11 is a side elevation thereof.

My invention relates to pneumatic devices for operating tools andconsists of the hereinafter described machine for operating chucks, andconsists of the hereinafter described machine for operating chucks,clutches, belt shifters and the like, by compressed air. Devices of thisnature, as heretofore were used, are constructed upon the principle ofhaving the compressed air Specification of Letters Patent.

AppIication filed March 20,

Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

1909. Serial No. 484,761.

acting constantly upon the piston during the interval between reversingits stroke. As a result of that, there is being exerted con-- stantly aconsiderable force upon the part of machinery operated by such device.This constant exertion of such force results in producing a great dealof friction in the parts of the tool operated by such devices, whichfriction must be overcome by the power operating the tool, and whichpower is utterly lost in overcoming the friction, and besides, the wearon the moving parts of such machine or tool, is greatly increased. Myattention was directed to this defect by the fact that the parts of suchmachines have worn out very rapidly and had to be replaced. In someinstances this friction increased so much as to absorb nearly the entireforce supplied for driving the particular machinery.

While in some instances it is necessary, owing to the particularconstruction of the device, operated by the air cylinder, to keep thecompressed air acting on the piston, there are clutches, chucks, etc.,constructed in such manner that the maintainingof the pressure upon thepiston in the air cylinder is not needed. As an instance of such anapparatus, the chuck shown and described in the U. S. Letters Patent toP. F. Krug, #803,604, of November 7, 1905, may be cited. In this chuck,the mechanism operat ing the jaws of the chuck is so constructed thatthe parts, moving the jaws, when acted upon to grip an object betweenthe aws, are brought in a locking position; that is to say, the grip ofthe jaws cannot be released except by application of positive force uponthe draw-rod in a direction opposite to that in which it must be movedto close the jaws. There are other devices in use for various purposesin connection with machine tools and the like, in which it is alsounnecessary to maintain the force efi'ecting their motion in action, andmy improved pneumatic machine for operating such devices is designedalso with the object in View, to permit and to cause the pressure,acting upon the parts of the tools, to be released, and also with theobject in view to cause this releasing of the pressure to be efl'ectedautomatically by the action of the machine itself, immediately upon thecompletion of the stroke of the piston in the air cylinder. To this end,I have devised a system of ducts arranged in the casing of the cylinder,in the web, separating the valve seat from the piston chamber, and inthe valve. These ducts are so arranged that when the valve is in itsnormal position of rest, there is a continuous open passage from thepiston chamber, one from the space in front, and one from the space inthe rear of the piston, to the exhaust port, while the inlet port of thecylinder is closed; whereas by turning the valve in one direction, theduct from one space of the piston chamber with the exhaust port is cutofi, the inlet port is opened and connected with the duct to the otherpart of the piston chamber, to admit the compressed air into it; andagain, by turning the valve in opposite direction, the duct from theinlet port to that part of the piston chamber is shut off and the ductbetween the inlet port and the other part of the piston chamber openedand connected. During the turn of the valve from its position, admittingthe compressed air to one part of the piston chamber (for instance, infront of the piston) to its position effecting the connection of theinlet port, with the duct into the other part of the piston chamber (inthe rear of the piston) the valve always passes through the positionconnecting both parts of the piston chamber with the exhaust port, andtherefore, irrespectively how rapidly the changes in the position of thevalve may be effected, the opening of the inlet port and connecting ofthe duct into one part of the piston chamber is always preceded by theopening and connecting of the exhaust port with the other part of thepiston chamber, into which the piston is to be driven. The ducts and theconnections are also so arranged that the exhaust port of the cylinderis kept in open communication with the part of the piston chamber, intowhich the piston is driven, while compressed air is being admitted inthe other part.

Referring to the drawings, 21 is the casing of the cylinder, 22 is thechamber, wherein the piston 23 is reciprocated; 2a is the valve chamberor seat, and 25 is the inlet port for compressed air or other fluid asmay be used for the operating of the device. Piston 23 is of the sameconstruction as used in devices of this character. The piston rod 23projects through the head 29 of the cylinder and its end is arranged forcoupling it to whatever apparatus is to be operated thereby. Suitablebrackets or bosses may be cast on, on the casing 21 for affixing orsupporting it in the required position upon the machine tool. One formof such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 9 and another in Fig. 10. Thesearrangements are made to suit the conditions of the use to which myimproved device is put. The valve chamber 24 of the air cylinder isseparated from the piston chamber 22 by the web 26, and is connectedtherewith by two series of ducts designated respectively a and 7) in thedrawings. The series of ducts designated a is composed of the L-shapedduct (4 whose longer branch extends longitudinally for the entire lengthof the piston chamber 22 and opens into the piston chamber throughgrooves a a at or near the screw-threaded recess 27 for the head of thecylinder; the shorter arm of this duct extends through the web 26 on aline parallel to the walls thereof, but diverging to one side of thecenter thereof, and of a series of perforations (see Figs. 6 and 8) madetransversely through that part of the web 26 between the short arm ofthe duct 60 and the valve chamber 24. The series of ducts b is made upof perforations drilled through the web 26 as shown in Figs. 6 and 8.The series of ducts a constitute the communication between the valvechamber 24: and the part of the piston chamber 22 in the rear of thepiston, whereas, the, ducts Z) connect the valve chamber with the partof the piston chamber in front of the piston.

The arrangement of the ducts in the valve 2% is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3and 4; one set, controlling the admission of air to the apparatus,consists of the two branches 25 and 25 driven transversely through thevalve on radial lines to the center thereof; the branch 25 drivendiametrically through the center of the valve, connecting with thebranches 25 and 25 at the point of their junction in the center of thevalve and of a series of perforations a driven parallel to the axis ofthe valve 2t from the duct 25 to its face. These perforations 0 arelocated one underneath the other on a line intersecting the center ofthe valve and their relative positions correspond exactly to thepositions of the perforations a and b in the web 26 of the casing. Theother set of ducts in the valve comprises the bore 28, drivenlongitudinally through the center of the stem 248 and some distance intothe head of valve 24?, where it connects with the radial perforations:0, 00 00" and 0c, driven transversely through the head of the valve(see Fig. 3) connecting in turn with the four perforations on, w 00",and 00*, driven longitudinally through the valve 24? on lines parallelto the axis thereof and arranged. relatively to each other on the arc ofa circle, concentrical with the valve, and equi-distant, from the centerof the valve, with the central perforation c of the other set.

The ducts a and 7) within the casing of the cylinder, serve for bothpurposes, inlet and exhaust. During the normal position of the valve,both of them are connected with the exhaust port, and each of them isalternately connected with the inlet port and with the exhaust port bythe turning of the valve. In the valve there is a separate set of inletducts and a separate set of exhaust ducts. The inlet duct comprises thebranches 25 25 25 and 0. The exhaust duct comprises the branches 28, an,09 00 and 00 arranged and connecting as above described. The arrangementof the two sets of ducts in the valve 2% furnishes the means for theconnecting of either duct (4 or Z) from the piston chamber with theinlet port 25, or with the exhaust port 28, of the cylinder, by a turnof the valve, and simultaneously for connecting of the other part of thepiston chamber with the exhaust port. The double branching of theexhaust ducts in the valve furnishes the means, in connection with theother parts and arrangement of the ducts, for simultaneous connecting ofboth parts of the piston chamber with the exhaust port. Thus, by turningthe valve in one direction, the compressed air, or other driving medium,is admitted into one part of the piston chamber (for instance, in thepart in front of the piston) while the other part is placed in opencommunication with the exhaust port; and again, by turning the valve inopposite direction, the connections are reversed. The part of the pistonchamber, into which the piston is to be driven, by admitting thecompressed air in the other part, remains connected with the exhaustport during the entire time while the compressed air is being admittedinto the other part. The alternate connections of the parts of thepiston chamber, in front and in the rear of the piston, with the inletport 25 and the exhaust port 28 are made as follows hen the valve 24L isin its normal position of rest, each of the termini of the exhaust ducts00 and m" register with one of the ducts a and Z) (see Figs. 6 and 8),whereby whatever compressed air, or other driving fluid, may becontained in either portion of the piston chamber 22 of the -cylinder,is permitted to escape. In this position the full surface of the valve,between the branches 25 and 25 of the air duct, stands against the inletport 25 and thereby holds it closed. By turning the valve in thedirection of the hands of a clock, that is, from left to right, theorifices or ports of the branch 0 of the duct 25 in the valve arebrought in position to register with the orifices or ports of the ductZ), connecting directly, through the web 26, the valve chamber 24- withthe space of the piston chamber 22 in front of the piston 23. Si-

, multaneously, the branch 25 of the air duct is brought in positiondirectly opposite to the inlet port 25; thus the connection from theinlet port into that part of the piston chamber is made. The orifices ofthe ducts 00 and 00 are also shifted; they stand then against the fullface of the Web 26, and the orifice of the branch of is moved in theposition where the orifice 00 was, the latter having been shifted,simultaneously and equidistantly, to the right. The radial branches 0000, W and on" of the exhaust duct, are joined together, and therefore,when the orifice as is brought in alinement with one of the orifices ofthe duct a, the part of the piston chamber 22, in the rear of thepiston, is again connected with the exhaust port. This connection.(momentarily interrupted by the turning of the valve) is thus restoredsimultaneously with the shifting of the orifices 0 of the air duct, intoalinement with the orifices of the duct 5. In this position of the valvethe space of the piston chamber in front of the piston is connected withthe air inlet port, and the space in the rear of the piston with theexhaust port. These connections are maintained as long as the operatorholds on to the handle operating the valve 24. \Vhen the valve isreleased, it is returned automatically by the mechanism, describedfurther on, to its normal position of rest. In this position the inflowof the driving fluid is cut off and both parts of the piston chamber areconnected with the exhaust port By turning valve 2 f in an oppositedirection, the orifice 00 of the valve duct is first shifted out ofalinement with one of the orifices of the duct a of the casing, wherebythe connection with the exhaust port is temporarily interrupted; nextthe orifices 0 of the air duct through the valve is moved in alinementwith the orifices of the duct a in the casing, whereby the part of thepiston chamber in the rear of the piston 28 is connected with the inletport of the cylinder. At the same time, the orifice m of the valve ductwas brought temporarily in alinement with one of the orifices of theduct 6 in the casing, and, the connection between the forward part ofthe piston chamber and. the exhaust port having been completed thereby,the compressed air or other fiuid, contained therein, was givenopportunity to escape. This exhaust takes place before the connection ofthe inlet port of the cylinder with the duct (4 into the piston chamber,in the rear of the piston, then, and at the same time when the part ofthe piston chamber in the rear of the piston is connected with the inletport, the orifice 00" in the valve is brought in full alinement with theduct Z) (from the part of the piston chamber in front of the piston)thereby again restoring the connection, temporarily interrupted by theturning of the valve, between the part of the piston chamber in front ofthe piston and the exhaust port. By the turning of the valve 24C in theone or the other direction, the compressed air, or other driving fluid,is admitted into the air cylinder and drives the piston, alternatelyfrom one to the other end of the piston chamber, and moves Whatevermechanism is, or may be, connected to the piston rod.

To prevent excessive turning of the valve 2% and to secure the placingof the valve in proper position at every turn, that is the setting ofthe ports of the ducts in the valve in full alinement with the ports ofthe ducts (t and 7) in the web 26 and also with the inlet port 25, anarc-shaped slot, or recess, 41 is provided in the valve 24E (see Figs. 2and 3) in the face adjoining the web 26 when the apparatus is assembled,and a pin 41 is set in corresponding position in the web 26, to engagein the arcshaped slot 41. The length of the slot 4L1 is calculated sothat pin stl limits the motion of the valve, abutting against either endof the slot, when the alve is in the position in which the orifices orports of the ducts in the valve register with the orifices or ports ofthe ducts in the casing, one of the branches 25 or 25 registers with theinlet port 25, according to which way. the valve was turned, asexplained above.

The normal, or rest position of the valve 24*, that is, when both partsof the piston chamber are connected with the exhaust port, is midwaybetween its two positions when the compressed air is being admitted toeither part of the piston chamber. Therefore the valve 24 must,unavoidably, pass through this, its normal position on every turn. Thusthe described arrangement of the series of ducts in the valve eftects,in addition, in cooperation with the arrangement of the ducts a and b,and the location of the inlet port 25, that, during every turn of thevalve, from one position to the other, both ducts a and b are connectedwith the exhaust port to permit the compressed air to escape from thatpart of the piston chamber, wherein it was admitted in the nextpreceding position of the valve, before any fresh charge is admitted tothe other part. By combining, with these devices, ot mechanism forautomatically returning the valve 24 to its position of. rest, whenreleased, the explained arrangement of the ducts is also utilized torelease, automatically, the expansive fluid, acting upon the piston,immediately upon the completing of its stroke. This mechanism isconstructed and combined with the device as follows:

A socket 31, is cast on (or may be screwed to) the casing 21 of theair-cylinder and a bore made therein on a line intersecting the axis ofthe stem 24 of the valve, and at right angle therewith. The bottom endof the bore is screw-threaded and a plug 32 is screwed therein. Thehollow stem of a T shaped bracket 33 is fitted into the bore 32, and acoiled spring 3%, longer than the stem, is inserted therein to rest uponthe plug 32". A two-armed rocking lever 35 is fixed on the stem 24 ofthe valve, so adjusted that its arms 35 and 35 are in line with thecross-bar 33 of the T-shaped bracket when set in the bore 32 of thesocket. This lever is preferably made integral with a ring or collar 36,which is snugly fitted upon the stem 2 t and a set screw 37 is settherein, whereby the ring 36 (and the lever 35) are fixed in place uponthe stem. This construction is preferable because it admits more readilyof such minute adjustment of the parts of this mechanism as required forthe proper operation of the device. The surfaces of the arms 35 and 35contacting with the cross-bar 33 are appropriately curved to obtain asmooth co-action of the lever with the cross-bar 33 and a more secureand more speedy setting of the valve.

lVhen assembling this device the T-shaped bracket 33 is set in, into thebore 32 of the socket, the spring 3% being first inserted into itshollow stem, then the plug 32 is screwed in just far enough to hold theparts in their places. Next the ring 36 is slid upon the stem 24: of thevalve and the plug 32 screwed in until the cross-bar 33* contacts withboth arms of lever 35. Then the valve 24* is set in its normal position,that is the position in which the openings of the exhaust ducts ar and mof the Valve 2 1 register with the termini of ducts a and b in the web26, whereby both parts of the piston chamber are connected with theexhaust port. Then the ring 36 is fixed to the stem 24t of the valve 24by the set screw 37. Finally the cross-bar 33 is pressed harder againstlever 35 by screwing in plug 32 against the spring 34. It must, ofcourse, be understood, that the pressure is regulated by the screwing inof the plug 32 and that the spring 34 must not be excessivelycompressed. The adjustment must leave suflicient elasticity to thespring to permit it to be further compressed by the turning of the valveand to respond freely when the force turning the valve is released.

Lever 35 swings as the valve 2% is turned, in either direction, and thenone of its arms is thereby raised from, while the other (swinging inopposite direction) presses upon, the cross-bar 33 of the bracket. Thispressure drives the bracket in, into the socket 31 and thereby spring34: is compressed. lVhen the valve 24; is released, the spring 3%re-acts, pushing the bracket 33 up, out of its socket. The cross-bar 33then presses against the arm of lever 35 by which the bracket wasdepressed and thereby causes I its normal position, that is the positionwhen the ducts from both parts of the piston chamber are connected withthe exhaust port.

When the air cylinder is used in the position shown in Figs. 10 and 11,a shaft 37 is coupled to the end of stem 24, of the valve 24, and ahandle or lever 39 is fixed to the end of the shaft. In the drawings thestem 24 of the valve is shown to be recessed and shaft 37 forked andflexibly connected thereto by crosspin 38; the handle 39 is afiixed tothe other end of shaft 37 by a set screw. On two diametrically oppositepoints of the air cylinder casing 21 and approximately midway betweenits ends, bosses 45 are cast on and in these trunnions 45- are set.These trunnions serve for supporting the device in a bracket 46 wherebyit is attached to the bed of the lathe or other machine, whereon thedevice is used. The air cylinder swings on trunnions 45 and therebycompensates for any deviation from its position by the operatingmovements of the parts. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 10 and 11 theair cylinder is set parallel to the spindle of the lathe and the stem 23of the piston 23 is pivot-ally connected to lever 47 whereby the drawrod 48 of the chuck 49 is reciprocated. In the arrangement shown in Fig.9 the stem 23 of piston 23 is coupled to the draw-rod 48 of the chuck;the air cylinder casing being similarly supported by trunnions 45 in thearms of a somewhat differently shaped bracket 46, whereby it is attachedto the end of the lathe. These arrangements for attaching my improveddevice to a lathe or to other machine tools, belt shifters, clutches andthe like must necessarily be changed as the conditions of the use of myimproved device require. It needs probably no explaining that by merelyWithdrawing of plug 32 from the bore '32 the device is made to serve aswell for all purposes where it is required to maintain the pressure ofthe driving fluid upon the piston after the completing of its stroke andthat in such employment it yet obtains the advantage over such devicesas were heretofore known, in that, owing to the described arrangementsof the ducts in the casing, and in the valve, the exhaust port is alwayscon nected with the part of the piston chamber, into which the piston isbeing driven, simultaneously with the connecting of the inlet port withthe other part of the piston chamber, and in that the exhaust portremains so connected with the part of the piston chamber, into which thepiston is driven, as long as the inlet port is connected with the otherpart of the piston chamber. quently, no part of the force of the drivingfluid is required to be expended upon compression or overcoming of theresistance of air or other fluid in that part of the piston Consechamber, into which the piston is driven. The entire force of thedriving fluid is utilized on propelling the piston and there is nodiminution of its stroke. That this advantage is always desirable and inmany uses of such devices of great importance, will be readily agreed toby all familiar with the art.

I claim as my invention:

1. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberin the casing, a piston fitted into the chamber, and means foroperatively connecting the piston with a chuck, clutch, belt shifter andthe like; a duct into the piston chamber in front of the piston andanother duct into the piston chamber in the rear of the piston; a valveand ducts in the valve, arranged to connect with either or both ductsinto the piston chamber and controlling the admission into, and theexhaust from, the piston chamber of the expansive fluid; means foroperating the valve, and means for automatically setting the valve aftereach stroke of the piston to connect the ducts in the valve with bothducts into the piston chamber whereby the expansive fluid is exhaustedfrom the piston chamber.

:2. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, an inlet portinto, and an exhaust port from, the casing; a piston chamber in thecasing, a piston fitted into the piston chamber and means foroperatively connecting the piston with a chuck, clutch, belt shifter andthe like; a duct into the piston chamber in front of the piston andanother duct into the piston chamber in the rear of the piston; a valve;a set of ducts in the valve, arranged to connect with either of the twoducts into the piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously with both;means for operating the valve and means for automatically setting thevalve, on the completing of each stroke of the piston, into a positionin which the ducts in the valve connect with both ducts into the pistonchamber.

3. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberand a valve chamber in the casing, a piston fitted into the pistonchamber and a valve fitted into the valve chamber; two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber, one into the part in front of thepiston and the other into the part in the rear of the piston; two setsof ducts in the valve, one arranged to register alternately with one ofthe two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, and theother arranged to register either with one of the two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously withboth, means for operatively connecting the piston with a chuck, clutch,belt shifter and the like, and means for operating the valve.

4. Adevice for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberand a valve chamber in the casing, a piston fitted into the pistonchamber and a valve fitted into the valve chamber; two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber, one into the part in frontof thepiston and the other into the part in the rear of the piston; two setsof ducts in the valve, one arranged to register alternately with one ofthe two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, and theother arranged to register either with one ofthe two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously withboth, means for operatively connecting the piston with a chuck, clutch,belt shifter and the like, means for operating the valve and means forautomatically setting the valve, on the completing of each stroke of thepiston, into a position, in which the one set of the ducts in the valveregisters with both ducts from the valve chamber into the pistonchamber.

5. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a pis ton chamberand a valve chamber in the casing, an inlet port into the valve chamber,a piston fitted into the piston chamber; and a valve fitted into thevalve chamber; two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber,one into the part in front of the piston and the other into the part inthe rear of the piston; two sets of ducts in the valve, one arranged toregister alternately with one of the two ducts from the valve chamberinto the piston chamber, and simultaneously with the inlet port into thevalve chamber, and the other set, having connecting branches arranged toregister alternately with either of the two ducts from the valve chamberinto the piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously with both, andterminating in an exhaust port; means for operatively connecting thepiston with a chuck, clutch, belt shifter and the like, and means foroperating the valve.

6. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberand a valve chamber in the casing, an inlet port into the valve chamber,a piston fitted into the piston chamber; and a valve fitted into thevalve chamber; two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber,one into the part in front of the piston and the other into the part inthe rear of the piston; two sets of ducts in the valve, one arranged toregister alternately with one of the two ducts from the valve chamberinto the piston chamber, and simultaneously with the inlet port into thevalve chamber, and the other set, terminating in an exhaust port andhaving connecting branches arranged to register either with one of thetwo ducts, from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, at a time, orsimultaneously with both; means for operatively connecting the pistonwith a chuck, clutch, belt shifter and the like, means for operating thevalve and means for automatically setting the valve, on the completingof each stroke of the pis ton, into a position, in which the branches ofthe duct in the valve, terminating in an exhaust port, register withboth ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber.

7. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberand a valve chamber in the casing; a web separating the piston chamberfrom the valve chamber, a piston fitted into the piston chamber; aninlet port into the valve chamber I and an exhaust port therefrom; aduct from the valve chamber into the piston chamber in front of thepiston and another duct from the valve chamber into the piston chamberin the rear of the piston; a valve fitted into the valve chamber, twosets of ducts in the valve, one set adapted to register alternately withone of the two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, andto connect simul taneously with the inlet port into the valve chamber;the other being arranged to register alternately with either duct fromthe valve chamber into the piston chamber, or simultaneously with both,and to connect the ducts, or either of them, with the exhaust port,means for operatively connecting the piston with a chuck, clutch, beltshifter and the like, and means for operating the valve.

8. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, the device comprising a casing, a piston chamberand a valve chamber in the casing; a web separating the piston chamberfrom the valve chamber; a piston fitted into the piston chamber; aninlet port into the valve chamber and an exhaust port therefrom; a ductfrom the valve chamber into the piston chamber in front of the pistonand another duct from the valve chamber into the piston chamber in therear of the piston; a valve fitted into the valve chamber, two sets ofducts in the valve, one set adapted to register alternately with one ofthe two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, and toconnect simultaneously with the inlet port into the valve chamber; theother set being arranged to register alternately with either duct fromthe valve chamber into the piston chamber or simultaneously with both,and to connect the ducts, or either of them, with the exhaust port;means for opcratively connecting the piston vith a chuck, clutch, beltshifter and the like; means for operating the valve and means forautomatically setting the valve, on the completing of each stroke of thepiston, into a position, wherein the set of ducts, connecting with theexhaust port, registers with both conduits from the valve chamber intothe piston chamber.

9. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber in the casing, separate ducts into each end of the pistonchamber; a valve controlling the admission into, and exhaust from, thecasing; ducts in the valve arranged to connect with either, or withboth, ducts into the piston chamber; means for operating the valve, andmeans for automatically setting the valve, after each operation, toconnect the ducts in the valve with both ducts into the piston chamber.

10. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, an inletport into, and an exhaust port from, the casing; a piston chamber and avalve seat in the casing; separate ducts from the valve seat into eachend of the piston chamber; a valve in the valve seat; two sets of ductsin the valve, arranged to connect with either of the two ducts into thepiston chamber at a time, or simultaneously with both; means foroperating the valve and means for normally holding the valve inposition, in which the ducts in the valve connect with both ducts intothe piston chamber, and automatically returning it to that position onthe completing of each operation.

11. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing, a valve fitted into the valvechamber; two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, oneinto each end of the piston chamber; two sets of ducts in the valve, onearranged to register alternately with one of the two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber, and the other arranged toregister either with one of the two ducts from the valve cham her intothe piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously with both, and means foroperating the valve.

12. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing, a valve fitted into the valvechamber; two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, oneinto each end of the piston chamber; two sets of ducts in the valve, onearranged to register alternately with one of the two ducts from thevalve chamber into the piston chamber, and the other arranged toregister either with one of the two ducts from the valve chamber intothe piston chamber at a time, or simultaneously with both, means foroperating the valve and means for automatically setting the valve, aftereach operation, into a position, in which the one set of the ducts inthe valve registers with both ducts fro-1n the valve chamber into thepiston chamber.

13. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing, an inlet port into the valvechamber, and two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber,one into each end of the piston chamber; a valve fitted into the valvechamber; two sets of ducts in the valve, one arranged to registeralternately with one of the two ducts from the valve chamber into thepiston chamber, and simultaneously with the inlet port into the valvechamber, and the other set arranged to register alternately with eitherof the two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber at atime, or simultaneously with both, and terminating in an exhaust port,and means for operating the valve.

14. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing, an inlet port into the valvechamber, and two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber,one into each end of the piston chamber; a valve fitted into the valvechamber; a set of ducts in the valve, arranged to register alternatelywith one of the two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamberand simultaneously with the inlet port into the valve chamber, andanother set, terminating in an exhaust port and having connectingbranches, arranged to register one with either one of the two ducts fromthe valve chamber into the piston chamber at a time, or both branchessimultaneously with both; means for operating the valve and means forautomatically setting the valve, after each operation, into a position,in which the branches of the duct in the valve, terminating in anexhaust port, register with both ducts from the valve chamber into thepiston chamber.

15. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing; a web separating the pistonchamber from the valve chamber, an inlet port into the valve chamber andan exhaust port therefrom; ducts from the valve chamher into each end ofthe piston chamber; a valve fitted into the valve chamber, two sets ofducts in the valve, one set adapted to register alternately with one ofthe two ducts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber, and toconnect simultaneously with the inlet port into the valve chamber;

' the other set being arranged to register alternately with either ductfrom the valve chamber into the piston chamber, or simultaneously withboth, connecting the ducts, or either of them, with the exhaust port,and means for operating the valve.

16. A device for operating chucks, clutches, belt shifters and the like,by an expansive fluid, comprising the combination of a casing, a pistonchamber and a valve chamber in the casing; a web, separating the pistonchamber from the valve chamber; an inlet port into the valve chamber andan exhaust port therefrom; two ducts from the valve chamber, one intoeach end of the piston chamber; a valve fitted into the valve chamber,two sets of ducts in the valve, one set adapted to register alternatelywith one of the two ducts from the valve chamber into the pistonchamber, and to connect simul taneously with the inlet port into thevalve chamber and the other set being arranged to register alternatelywith either duct from the valve chamber into the piston chamber orsimultaneously with both, and to connect the ducts, or either of them,with the exhaust port; means for operating the valve and means forautomatically setting the valve, after each operation, into a position,wherein the set of ducts, connecting with the exhaust port, registerswith both (lucts from the valve chamber into the piston chamber.

ALTER L. ABATE. \Vitnesses LEON R. JACOBS, M. A. I-IELMKE.

